Codon Table
The most important reference for our work here is the DNA codon table. This table reduces into 1 simple list most of what is known about how data is packed into DNA. This article reproduces the standard DNA Codon Table as our starting point.
Source Table (Wikipedia)
The link here provides the source being used for the codon table copied below. Note there are different tables, we are interested here in the DNA version of the table. The article above has both DNA and RNA tables for humans.
Also note that this particular source is displaying a square table, not the more conventional circular form. This table is already organized to block codons together to reflect the biological uses of codons.
Our starting assumption is that the biological uses of the codons is an approximation of how codons are used to encode text. So by choosing this able we are already keeping a structural element that will be important to matching the paleo language tables for similar encoding.
| 1st Base | 2nd Base | 3rd Base | |||||||
| T | C | A | G | ||||||
| T | TTT | (Phe/F) Phenylalanine | TCT | (Ser/S) Serine | TAT | (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine | TGT | (Cys/C) Cysteine | T |
| TTC | TCC | TAC | TGC | C | |||||
| TTA | (Leu/L) Leucine | TCA | TAA | Stop (Ochre) | TGA | Stop (Opal) | A | ||
| TTG | TCG | TAG | Stop (Amber) | TGG | (Trp/W) Tryptophan | G | |||
| C | CTT | CCT | (Pro/P) Proline | CAT | (His/H) Histidine | CGT | (Arg/R) Arginine | T | |
| CTC | CCC | CAC | CGC | C | |||||
| CTA | CCA | CAA | (Gln/Q) Glutamine | CGA | A | ||||
| CTG | CCG | CAG | CGG | G | |||||
| A | ATT | (Ile/I) Isoleucine | ACT | (Thr/T) Threonine | AAT | (Asn/N) Asparagine | AGT | (Ser/S) Serine | T |
| ATC | ACC | AAC | AGC | C | |||||
| ATA | ACA | AAA | (Lys/K) Lysine | AGA | (Arg/R) Arginine | A | |||
| ATG | (Met/M) Methionine | ACG | AAG | AGG | G | ||||
| G | GTT | (Val/V) Valine | GCT | (Ala/A) Alanine | GAT | (Asp/D) Aspartic acid | GGT | (Gly/G) Glycine | T |
| GTC | GCC | GAC | GGC | C | |||||
| GTA | GCA | GAA | (Glu/E) Glutamic acid | GGA | A | ||||
| GTG | GCG | GAG | GGG | G | |||||
Human DNA Codon Table
The following table is on the sense strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
Codons are 3 nucleotides, in order. In the following table the columns are marked N0, N1 and N2 for each nucleotide respectively. The amino acid name, short name, letter code, chemical properties and notes are also given.
| N0 | N1 | N2 | Amino Acid | Abbrs | Property | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section 1 | ||||||
| T | T | T | Phenylalanine | Phe/F | Nonpolar | |
| T | T | C | Phenylalanine | Phe/F | Nonpolar | |
| T | T | A | Leucine | Leu/L | Nonpolar | |
| T | T | G | Leucine | Leu/L | Nonpolar | Possible Start |
| C | T | T | Leucine | Leu/L | Nonpolar | |
| C | T | C | Leucine | Leu/L | Nonpolar | |
| C | T | A | Leucine | Leu/L | Nonpolar | |
| C | T | G | Leucine | Leu/L | Nonpolar | |
| A | T | T | Isoleucine | Ile/I | Nonpolar | |
| A | T | C | Isoleucine | Ile/I | Nonpolar | |
| A | T | A | Isoleucine | Ile/I | Nonpolar | |
| A | T | G | Methionine | Met/M | Nonpolar | Possible Start |
| G | T | T | Valine | Val/V | Nonpolar | |
| G | T | C | Valine | Val/V | Nonpolar | |
| G | T | A | Valine | Val/V | Nonpolar | |
| G | T | G | Valine | Val/V | Nonpolar | Possible Start |
| Section 2 | ||||||
| T | C | T | Serine | Ser/S | Polar | |
| T | C | C | Serine | Ser/S | Polar | |
| T | C | A | Serine | Ser/S | Polar | |
| T | C | G | Serine | Ser/S | Polar | |
| C | C | T | Proline | Pro/P | Nonpolar | |
| C | C | C | Proline | Pro/P | Nonpolar | |
| C | C | A | Proline | Pro/P | Nonpolar | |
| C | C | G | Proline | Pro/P | Nonpolar | |
| A | C | T | Threonine | Thr/T | Polar | |
| A | C | C | Threonine | Thr/T | Polar | |
| A | C | A | Threonine | Thr/T | Polar | |
| A | C | G | Threonine | Thr/T | Polar | |
| G | C | T | Alanine | Ala/A | Nonpolar | |
| G | C | C | Alanine | Ala/A | Nonpolar | |
| G | C | A | Alanine | Ala/A | Nonpolar | |
| G | C | G | Alanine | Ala/A | Nonpolar | |
| Section 3 | ||||||
| T | A | T | Tyrosine | Tyr/Y | Polar | |
| T | A | C | Tyrosine | Tyr/Y | Polar | |
| T | A | A | Ochre | Stop | ||
| T | A | G | Amber | Stop | ||
| C | A | T | Histidine | His/H | Basic | |
| C | A | C | Histidine | His/H | Basic | |
| C | A | A | Glutamine | Gln/Q | Polar | |
| C | A | G | Glutamine | Gln/Q | Polar | |
| A | A | T | Asparagine | Asn/N | Polar | |
| A | A | C | Asparagine | Asn/N | Polar | |
| A | A | A | Lysine | Lys/K | Basic | |
| A | A | G | Lysine | Lys/K | Basic | |
| G | A | T | Aspartic Acid | Asp/D | Acidic | |
| G | A | C | Aspartic Acid | Asp/D | Acidic | |
| G | A | A | Glutamic Acid | Glu/E | Acidic | |
| G | A | G | Glutamic Acid | Glu/E | Acidic | |
| Section 4 | ||||||
| T | G | T | Cysteine | Cys/C | Polar | |
| T | G | C | Cysteine | Cys/C | Polar | |
| T | G | A | Opal | Stop | ||
| T | G | G | Tryptophan | Trp/W | Nonpolar | |
| C | G | T | Arginine | Arg/R | Basic | |
| C | G | C | Arginine | Arg/R | Basic | |
| C | G | A | Arginine | Arg/R | Basic | |
| C | G | G | Arginine | Arg/R | Basic | |
| A | G | T | Serine | Ser/S | Polar | (Duplicate) |
| A | G | C | Serine | Ser/S | Polar | (Duplicate) |
| A | G | A | Arginine | Arg/R | Basic | (Duplicate) |
| A | G | G | Arginine | Arg/R | Basic | (Duplicate) |
| G | G | T | Glycine | Gly/G | Nonpolar | |
| G | G | C | Glycine | Gly/G | Nonpolar | |
| G | G | A | Glycine | Gly/G | Nonpolar | |
| G | G | G | Glycine | Gly/G | Nonpolar | |